8. Poetry




Poetry is a type of writing that creates meaning in a small amount of words and lines using:

  • Rhythm, and
  • Figurative language.

So… what are the parts of a poem – by understanding them better we can watch out for reading comprehension questions that relate to them.

  • Subject matter/theme("WHAT") – What's the poem about? What ideas are in it? What things does the poet use to bring forward his idea? (Images, special words, special symbols?)
  • Technique ("HOW") – How does the poet bring forward his idea?
    • Structure – number of stanzas
    • Tone – the voice/sound e.g. funny, angry, sarcastic…
    • Mood – feeling and atmosphere created e.g. serene, scary, troubled…
    • Language
    • Imagery – metaphors, images, symbols, personification.
    • Rhythm – the beat, repetition of words or vowels.
    • Rhyme – sounds of the words and what sounds repeat. For example, Nina went to school and there she played in the pool.

Given this, the main types of questions in reading comprehension that occur in poetry is:

  • Detail questions about figurative language.
  • Main idea questions about the tone and theme.
  • There may also be detail questions about 'facts' but less so.

Let's talk about the 'what' _and 'how'_ for the following 2 poems:

The Eagle

by Alfred Lord Tennyson

He clasps the crag with crooked hands;

Close to the sun in lonely lands,

Ring'd with the azure world, he stands.

The wrinkled sea beneath him crawls;

He watches from his mountain walls,

And like a thunderbolt he falls.

Sea Fever

by John Masefield

I must go down to the seas again, to the lonely sea and the sky,

And all I ask is a tall ship and a star to steer her by;

And the wheel's kick and the wind's song and the white sail's shaking,

And a grey mist on the sea's face, and a grey dawn breaking,

I must go down to the seas again, for the call of the running tide

Is a wild call and a clear call that may not be denied;

And all I ask is a windy day with the white clouds flying,

And the flung spray and the blown spume, and the sea-gulls crying.

I must go down to the seas again, to the vagrant gypsy life,

To the gull's way and the whale's way where the wind's like a whetted knife;

And all I ask is a merry yarn from a laughing fellow-rover,

And quiet sleep and a sweet dream when the long trick's over.

Let's look at these types of questions in the illustrated example below.

We'll also put into practice the approach to answering questions too.

Illustrated Example 1

Mrs Swipe Speaks Out

So I said to her I said

I'm not one to complain

I said as you know only too well

I said but if you think I'm going to

put up with this nonsense indefinitely

you've got another thing coming oh yes I said

please don't think you can come the bounce

on me I said because I've had just about

enough thank you very much I said

and the fact of the matter is I said

you can walk the whole length and breadth

of Varicose Street I said and you won't find

a more long-suffering and charitable

person than yours truly I said but

like the Good Book says every worm

must have its day and mine is

just around the corner I said so you needn't

stand there looking four-eyed and fish-faced

as if Meadow-Lea wouldn't melt in your mouth

since I have not the slightest intention of

prolonging this conversation any further live

and let live I said even though it seems

to me there's some as would be hard-pressed

to justify their miserable

existence naming no names of course

and I dropped the paper parcel of prawn-shells

over her side of the fence I believe

these are yours madam I said and although

it was a horrible cold day the look on _its _face

as I walked away kept me warm as toast

for the rest of the morning!

Bruce Dawe

1 The repetition of the expression "I said" suggest that the character was

A harsh and defensive.

B careless and intuitive.

C sophisticated and glamorous.

D hesitant and thoughtless.

2 In lines 12-14 the character uses a

A displeased tone.

B pleasant tone.

C condescending tone.

D sarcastic tone.

3 The word "worm" as used in line 15 refers to

A an insect.

B an animal.

C a person.

D an object.

4 The character uses the expression "live and let live" (lines 21-22) because he suggests that

A other people are responsible for making our lives pleasant.

B a person should let others live the way they want to live.

D we can have influence in other people lives.

C people should not judge others.

Key Rules to remember:

  • Poetry is mainly about figurative language – less lines but big impact in terms of feelings. Think about a starburst lolly – small but with heaps of flavour.
  • Most questions will test the figurative language used in poems – remember that figurative language features heavily in poems and 'what it says does not means exactly what it means'.
  • Poetry has a 'what' and a 'how'.

Now it's time to do your assignment.

  1. Download the assignment question here.
  2. Print it out or if you want to do it electronically, save it.
  3. Complete the questions to it.
  4. Then check the solutions on the video below or download the ANSWER KEY here.




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