This section has 2 parts—Part 1 covers relationship statements or analogies and Part 2 covers codes. There are two separate videos for each section.

PART 1 - Analogies

In the exam, analogy questions look like this:

Item A is to Item B as Item C is to Item D

Analogy questions involve working out the relationship between two given words, and then applying that same rule to work out the relationship between another two words.

The relationship may be:

A thing and what it does

A thing and what its larger category is

An abstract thing and a specific type of it

An opposite

These questions test your ability to work out how two words relate to one another, and to be able to apply that rule in creating a relationship of the same kind between two different words.

To help solve these questions more easily, it is important to have a good vocabulary as this will help you to identify the words given.

One of the best ways to approach these questions is to draw a line between the two words given, and along that line, write down what the relationship between them is.

The first thing to do is draw up a diagram like the one below, starting with the relationship between the first two words and ask yourself "What truly connects them?"

DOG is to ANIMAL as QUARTZ is to?

(a) vegetable (b) mine (c) mineral (d) material

SWIMMING is to POOL as SCIENCE is to?

(a) experiments (b) teacher (c) scientist (d) laboratory

For example, you could say that science is done by a scientist, or science involves experiments. This is a common error. However, you can avoid this type of error by making sure you first establish the relationship that links the first two words together and then applying that same relationship to derive the unknown word.

The video will go through the below four examples:

Snake is to rattlesnake as dog is to

A: hound

B: mammal

C: canine

D: pet

E: leash

Migrate is to penguin as

A: roam is to nomad

B: pet is to cat

C: bite is to piranha

D: reproduction is to turtles

E: relocate is to person

Stratagem is to honesty as

A: mysterious is to curiosity

B: lightness is to ease

C: resourcefulness is to ability

D: obscure is to clouded

E: generosity is to malevolence

Odourless is to scent as Elasticity is to

A: energy

B: shape

C: apples

D: flexibility

E: physics

Recap - here are keys rules to remember:

• Build the 'relationship-bridge' and substitute answer choices.
• What is that strong and definite relationship?
• What links the relationship together? What types of relationships can there be?

PART 2 - Translation of Language or Coded Questions

In your exam, you’ll likely to see questions where you need to find the word for a given code, or find the code given a word.

Here’s the strategy to answer these questions successfully:

1. See if there is already an obvious pattern
2. See whether the pattern is between the code and the word OR
3. A relationship holding within the code that matches with relationship holding the word. For e.g. AZB = 435
4. Are there any repeated letters/numbers for letters appearing more than once in a word? If so, likely to be a constant number
5. Does it match one on one? e.g. Television = 1232846497 e.g. the first code item represents the first letter.
6. Does it match one on one in reverse? E.g. Television = 7946482321 e.g. the first code item represents the first letter
7. If none seems obvious – need to make that decision and then set the code and word in rows and analyse how they relate (see below). You can see by putting the code and word into rows that the pattern is actually V to X, I to G etc… so the pattern is between the number of units going up between the word and the code.

Make sure that you:

1. Count units correctly
2. Can clearly see the pattern instead of making one up
3. Spend the allocated time

Example of Strategy in Action:

The following code BLRZ means DOVE, what does the following code YZP

mean?

(A) RYE (B) ACT (C) CAT (D) RAN

Correct answer is (b) ACT

Why?

• Look at how the code and the word could possibly relate – in this instance easy to put the code and word in rows.
• Notice that the first letter in the word goes down by two to the code letter, and it follows…
• Second letter in the word goes down by three to the code letter
• Third letter in the word goes down by four to the code letter etc…
• Therefore, the correct answer is (b).

The video will go through the below four examples:

In a foreign language

OBBI WON KONOBI means HAPPY BIRTHDAY DAUGHTER.

AHI OBBI CUP WON means DAUGHTER IS HAPPY TODAY.

AHI OBI CUP WON means SON IS HAPPY TODAY.

Which word means BIRTHDAY?

A : OBBI B : WON C: CUP D : KONOBI E : AHI

In the olden days, sailors would say "ejaff icki" when they've had a good smooth run at sea which meant "easy sailing". When they arrived home, their children would ask them, "ejaff icki o-pecko?", which meant "Was smooth sailing"? The sailors would either reply "o-pecki ejaff icki" ("Was smooth sailing") or "o-pecki ajaff icki!"

**If "ajaff" symbolises the opposite of "easy", what does "o-pecki ajaff icki" mean?

A : was turbulent sailing B : was difficult sailing C : was fun sailing

D : was smooth sailing E : was cold sailing

The following 45700909 code means LABOURER, what word could the following code 4080 mean

(a) LOVE (b) LISP (c) LOON (d) LIPS (e) None of these

The following code ENIN means NINE, what word then does the following code

ENO stand for?

(a) NIT (b) NOT (c) ONE (d) NIP (e) None of these

Recap: here are key rules to remember:

• Identify 'translation words'
• Look at commonality and or Look at modification of sentence structure to establish a set of rules.
• Apply these rules to your question.

Now it's time to do your assignment.

1. Download the assignment questions here.
2. Print it out or if you want to do it electronically, save it.
3. Complete the questions to it.
4. Then check the solutions on the video below. The answer key is also on the final page of your downloaded assignment questions.

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